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Home > Neura > Archives > Fall 2003 > Pregnancy and the Immune System in MS > References
References
 
1. Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG. Medical progress: multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:938-952.

2. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Multiple sclerosis: hope through research. Available at: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/pubs/multiple_sclerosis.htm. Accessed July 17, 2003.

3. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. The National MS Society Information Sourcebook: pregnancy. Available at: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/pdf/sourcebook/pregnancy.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2003.

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5. Lorenzi AR, Ford HL. Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy. Postgrad Med J. 2002;78:460-464.

6. Confavreux C, Hutchinson M, Hours MM, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Moreau T. Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:285-291.

7. Sibley WA, Bamford CR, Clark K. Clinical viral infections and multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 1985;1:1313-1315.

8. Wegmann TG, Lin H, Guilbert L, Mosmann TR. Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunol Today. 1993;14:353-356.

9. Martin R, McFarland HF, McFarlin DE. Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases. Annu Rev Immunol. 1992;10:153-187.

10. Krishnan L, Guilbert LJ, Wegmann TG, Belosevic M, Mosmann TR. T helper 1 response against Leishmania major in pregnant C57BL/6 mice increases implantation failure and fetal resorptions. Correlation with increased IFN-gamma and TNF and reduced IL-10 production by placental cells. J Immunol. 1996;156:653-662.

11. Kim S, Liva SM, Dalal MA, Verity MA, Voskuhl RR. Estriol ameliorates autoimmune demyelinating disease: implications for multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1999;52:1230-1238.

12. Sicotte NL, Liva SM, Klutch R, et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol. Ann Neurol. 2002;52:421-428.

13. Weinshenker BG, Hader W, Carriere W, Baskerville J, Ebers GC. The influence of pregnancy on disability from multiple sclerosis: a population-based study in Middlesex County, Ontario. Neurology. 1989;39:1438-1440.

14. Stenager E, Stenager EN, Jensen K. Effect of pregnancy on the prognosis for multiple sclerosis. A 5-year follow up investigation. Acta Neurol Scand. 1994;90:305-308.

15. Birk K, Rudick R. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1986;43:719-726.

16. Worthington J, Jones R, Crawford M, Forti A. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis—a 3-year prospective study. J Neurol. 1994;241:228-233.

17. Stenuit J, Marchand P. [Sequelae of spinal anesthesia.] Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg. 1968;68:626-635. In French.

18. Bamford C, Sibley W, Laguna J. Anesthesia in multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci. 1978;5:41-44.

19. Poser S, Poser W. Multiple sclerosis and gestation. Neurology. 1983;33:1422-1427.

20. Nelson LM, Franklin GM, Jones MC. Risk of multiple sclerosis exacerbation during pregnancy and breast-feeding. JAMA. 1988;259:3441-3443.

21. Poser CM. MS and postpartum stress. Neurology. 1984;34:704-705.

22. van den Noort S, Eidelman B, Rammohan K, et al. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS): Disease Management Consensus Statement. New York, NY: National Multiple Sclerosis Society; 1998.

23. Novantrone [package insert]. Seattle, Wash: Immunex Corp; 2002.

24. Avonex [package insert]. Cambridge, Mass: Biogen, Inc; 2003.

25. Betaseron [package insert]. Montville, NJ: Berlex Laboratories; 2003.

26. Rebif [package insert]. Rockland, Mass: Serono, Inc; 2002.

27. Copaxone [package insert]. Kansas City, Mo: Teva Neuroscience, Inc; 2003.

28. Caon C, Khan O. Use of immunomodulating therapy during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis patients. Presented at: the 11th Meeting of the European Neurological Society; April 21-25, 2001; Paris, France.

29. Coyle PK. Pregnancy outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with glatiramer acetate (Copaxone®) [abstract]. Neurology. 2003;60(suppl 1):A60.

30. Achiron A, Rotstein Z, Noy S, Mashiach S, Dulitzky M, Achiron R. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in the prevention of childbirth-associated acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. J Neurol. 1996;243:25-28.

31. Orvieto R, Achiron R, Rotstein Z, Noy S, Bar-Hava I, Achiron A. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: a 2-year experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999;82:191-194.

32. Haas J. High dose IVIG in the post partum period for prevention of exacerbations in MS. Mult Scler. 2000;6(suppl 2):S18-S20.


   
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